System, method, and apparatus for capturing telematics data with an active RFID tag

ABSTRACT

The invention is directed to a data collection and evaluation system that includes an active RFID tag for collecting, time-stamping, and storing vehicle sensor data. Examples of the type of data collected include door data, ignition data, oil pressure data, temperature data, speed data, global positioning data, and diagnostic and trouble code data. The system further includes an external data acquisition device, such as a mainframe computer system or a hand-held data acquisition device like an iPAQ. The external data acquisition device includes an RFID interrogator for communicating with the RFID tag, which enables the RFID tag to transmit the time-stamped data wirelessly to the external data acquisition device. The ability of the system to automatically collect and transfer data allows for the automation of fleet management processes, vehicle maintenance and repair processes, and certain security features.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims priority from provisional U.S. PatentApplication No. 60/535,316 entitled “A System, Method, and Apparatus forCollecting Telematics and Sensor Information in a Delivery Vehicle,”which was filed on Jan. 9, 2004 and which is hereby incorporated byreference in its entirety.

FIELD OF INVENTION

This invention relates to real-time vehicle monitoring and trackingsystems and methods. More specifically, the present invention pertainsto an active RFID tag configured to acquire telematics data throughmultiple input interfaces and provide the acquired data to an externaldata terminal. The device and its method of use are useful in the fieldof vehicle fleet management. In one embodiment, the active RFID tagcollects telematics data from sensors in the vehicle, stores the data,and communicates the data to a data terminal such as a DeliveryInformation Acquisition Device (DIAD), which is a portable computingdevice utilized by United Parcel Service to collect parcel deliverydata, or an RFID interrogator.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

In vehicle fleet operations, efficient management of vehicle allocation,security, and maintenance and driver allocation and security areparamount tasks. For example, with a package delivery fleet system,delivery process elements, such as time traveled between stops, time ofeach stop, distance traveled, proximity to delivery point, routing ofdelivery points, and number of stops made per vehicle, can be analyzedto make the delivery and routing processes more efficient. Currently,for United Parcel Service (UPS), this data is manually collected. Forexample, a person rides in a vehicle for an entire day and uses ahand-held data acquisition device, such as, for example, HewlettPackard's iPAQ hand-held data acquisition device, to enter datacorresponding to various elements of the delivery process. This data ismanually recorded by the person, entered into a database, and analyzed.This data collection process is time consuming and produces data that isoften erroneous or outdated when utilized.

In addition, vehicle maintenance and repair functions are performed toensure that vehicles are available for deployment when needed.Currently, vehicle maintenance schedules for each vehicle are maintainedin a central database, and the database notifies automotive personnel toperform the scheduled maintenance function when due based on calendardriven preventive maintenance schedules. Repair diagnostic tests areperformed when maintenance personnel are made aware of a need forrepair. Known maintenance schedule notification and repair processes areinefficient because the maintenance personnel are not always informed ofmaintenance needs, and vehicle diagnostic tests can be time consumingand costly. Additionally, the potential delay in notifying maintenancepersonnel of a need to repair or perform maintenance procedures oftenrenders a vehicle out of service or risks the safety of the vehicle anddriver.

Furthermore, package delivery vehicle fleet operators must considerwhich security measures should be employed to most efficiently andeffectively protect packages, vehicles, and drivers. Currently, securitymechanisms are not automated and are seldom utilized. As a result,delivery drivers sometimes mistakenly leave a cargo or cab doorunlocked, and the vehicle and inventory are susceptible to theft ordamage.

Therefore, an unsatisfied need in the art exists for a real-time vehicletracking and monitoring system that overcomes current challenges, someof which are described above.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

One embodiment of the present invention is directed to a system forautomating the collection of vehicle sensor data for fleet operations ofa parcel delivery service. The system includes an active RFID tag and aportable data acquisition device accessible to a vehicle operator. TheRFID tag includes an input interface for collecting data from one ormore sensors that are disposed within a vehicle, a processor forassociating a time-stamp with at least a portion of the data, and amemory for storing the time-stamped data. The data includes a currentglobal position of the vehicle. The portable data acquisition deviceincludes an RFID interrogator for receiving the data from the memory ofthe RFID tag, a memory for storing the data, and a data acquisitionprocessor. The memory of the portable data acquisition device stores oneor more pre-selected delivery positions, and the data acquisitionprocessor compares the current global position to the pre-selecteddelivery positions. In one embodiment, the portable data acquisitiondevice alerts the vehicle operator of the nearest delivery position tothe current global position. In another embodiment, the portable dataacquisition device provides an estimated time of arrival to each of theone or more pre-selected delivery positions to the operator. In yetanother embodiment, the portable data acquisition device alerts theoperator if a parcel associated with a particular delivery position isdelivered to an incorrect delivery position.

The RFID tag is capable of collecting other types of data, including thefollowing: door data, electronic control module trouble and diagnosticcodes, ignition data, mileage data, seat belt data, engine data,geographical position data, or combinations thereof.

In another embodiment, a system for automating the collection of vehiclesensor data for fleet operations of a parcel delivery service includesan active RFID tag and a portable data acquisition device, which isaccessible to a vehicle operator. The RFID tag includes an inputinterface for collecting data from one or more sensors that are disposedwithin a vehicle, a processor for associating a time-stamp with at leasta portion of the data, and a memory for storing the time-stamped data.The portable data acquisition device includes an RFID interrogator thatreceives the data from the memory of the RFID tag, a memory for storingthe data, a data acquisition processor, and a data radio. The memory ofthe portable data acquisition device stores threshold data parametersrepresentative of normal vehicle operation conditions. The dataacquisition processor compares the data collected by the RFID tag to thedata parameters in the memory and transmits an alarm signal via the dataradio if the collected data is outside of the data parameters. Inanother embodiment, the data acquisition processor compares thecollected data to the data parameters in the memory of the dataacquisition device over a time interval.

One embodiment of the invention provides a system for automatingsecurity features of one or more vehicles in a fleet. The systemincludes an active RFID tag disposed within a vehicle and a portabledata acquisition device accessible to the vehicle operator. The RFID tagincludes an input interface for collecting data from sensors disposedwithin a vehicle, a processor for associating a time-stamp with thedata, and a memory for storing the time-stamped data. The portable dataacquisition device includes an RFID interrogator for receiving the datafrom the memory of the RFID tag and a data radio for communicating thedata wirelessly to a mainframe computer system. When the portable dataacquisition device is within a particular geographical range of the RFIDtag, the RFID interrogator receives a signal indicating that the tag iswithin the read range of the interrogator. If the portable dataacquisition device is moved so that the interrogator no longer receivesa signal from the RFID tag, and this condition persists for more than aparticular time interval, the portable data acquisition device isconfigured to transmit a signal via the data radio to a facility toreport a potential security breach.

A fleet management system according to one embodiment of the inventionincludes an active RFID tag disposed within a vehicle and a portabledata acquisition device. The RFID tag includes an input interface forcollecting data from sensors disposed within a vehicle, a processor forassociating a time-stamp with the data, and a memory for storing thetime-stamped data. The portable data acquisition device includes an RFIDinterrogator for receiving data from the memory of the RFID tag and adata radio. If the portable data acquisition device detects a securitytriggering event from the data collected by the RFID tag, the portabledata acquisition device is configured to transmit a signal to a remoteexternal data acquisition device at a facility via the data radio. Inone embodiment, the portable data acquisition device, which isaccessible to a vehicle operator, is configured to page a facility inresponse to receiving data from the RFID tag that indicates a securitytriggering event.

One embodiment of the invention provides a system for managing trafficand equipment within a fleet facility hub. The system includes an activeRFID tag disposed within a vehicle and an external data acquisitiondevice. The RFID tag includes an input interface for collecting datafrom sensors disposed within a vehicle, a processor for associating atime-stamp with the data, and a memory for storing the time-stampeddata. The external data acquisition device includes an RFID interrogatorthat receives data from the memory of the RFID tag and from other RFIDtags disposed on cargo within the vehicle and a data radio forcommunicating over a wireless network. The RFID interrogator can receivedata from the RFID tag when the RFID interrogator is within a particulargeographical range of the RFID tag. The data transmitted to the externaldata acquisition device can be used to allocate equipment at thefacility, determine where in the facility the vehicle should park, anddetermine whether the vehicle is allowed to enter or exit a facility. Afacility may include a parcel sorting hub facility, a railhead facility,or a seaport facility.

One embodiment of the invention includes a system for detecting whethera vehicle is unsecured. The system includes an active RFID tag and aportable data acquisition device. The RFID tag includes an inputinterface for receiving data from one or more sensors disposed within avehicle and a memory for storing the data. The data indicates whetherone or more doors are locked or unlocked, whether the engine is running,and whether the vehicle is in motion. The portable data acquisitiondevice, which includes an RFID interrogator, receives and analyzes thedata. In response to the data indicating that the door is unlocked, theengine is running and the vehicle is not moving, the portable dataacquisition device is configured for notifying an operator of thevehicle.

Another embodiment of the invention includes a system for automating thecollection of vehicle sensor data for fleet operations of a parceldelivery service. The system includes an active RFID tag and an externaldata acquisition device. The RFID tag includes an input interface forcollecting data from one or more sensors that are disposed within avehicle, a processor for associating a time-stamp with at least aportion of the collected data, and a memory for storing the time-stampeddata. The external data acquisition device, which is located at afacility, includes an RFID interrogator for receiving data from the RFIDtag and a memory for storing data received from the RFID tag. The dataand an identity of the vehicle indicated by the RFID tag are uploaded tothe RFID interrogator upon the vehicle's entry into or exit from thefacility.

One embodiment of the invention includes a method of collecting workstudy data for evaluating vehicle fleet operations. The method includesthe steps of: (1) providing an active RFID tag within one or more fleetvehicles, each the RFID tags configured for receiving data from one ormore vehicle sensors disposed in each of the one or more vehicles; (2)collecting, time-stamping, and storing data received from the one ormore vehicle sensors using the RFID tag; (3) in response to apre-determined event, transmitting the data from the RFID tag to an RFIDinterrogator, wherein the RFID interrogator is in communication with anexternal data acquisition device; and (4) utilizing the data to performwork studies of vehicle and driver performance. In a further embodiment,the method includes the step of utilizing the data to identify and sendnotification of vehicle repair and maintenance needs.

Another embodiment of the invention includes a method of automatingsecurity functions for one or more vehicles in a fleet. The methodincludes the steps of: (1) providing an RFID tag in one or more fleetvehicles, wherein the RFID tag is configured for collecting data fromone or more vehicle sensors; (2) providing a portable data acquisitiondevice that includes an RFID interrogator for receiving data from theRFID tag when the portable data acquisition device is within a certainrange of the RFID tag; and (3) sending a signal to a facility inresponse to the portable data acquisition device being moved from withinthe certain range to outside the certain range such that the RFIDinterrogator moves from a point where it is in communication with theRFID tag to a second point where the RFID interrogator is no longer incommunication with the RFID tag for a certain pre-determine timeinterval.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Reference will now be made to the accompanying drawings, which are notnecessarily drawn to scale, and wherein:

FIG. 1 a shows an embodiment of a processing system that can be used topractice aspects of the invention;

FIG. 1 b shows an alternative embodiment of a processing system that canbe used to practice aspects of the invention;

FIG. 2 shows various elements of a system according to one embodiment ofthe present invention; and

FIG. 3 shows a flowchart of the operation of the system according to oneembodiment of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The present invention now will be described more fully hereinafter withreference to the accompanying drawings, in which embodiments of theinvention are shown. This invention may, however, be embodied in manydifferent forms and should not be construed as limited to theembodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided sothat this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fullyconvey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art. Likenumbers refer to like elements throughout.

Brief Summary

According to one embodiment, the data collection and evaluation systemof the present invention includes an active RFID tag that collects,time-stamps, and stores vehicle sensor data. Examples of the types ofdata collected include door data indicating whether a door is open orclosed, ignition data indicating whether the vehicle is turned on oroff, oil pressure data, temperature data, speed data, global positioningdata, and diagnostic and trouble code data.

The system further includes an external data acquisition device, such asa mainframe computer system or a hand-held data acquisition device likean iPAQ. The external data acquisition device includes an RFIDinterrogator that is able to read the RFID tag disposed within thevehicle. The external data acquisition device further includes aprocessor for analyzing the data and a data radio for transmitting thedata transmitted from the RFID tag to another computer.

The ability of the system to collect data with the RFID tag and transmitthe data to the external data acquisition device allows for theautomation of fleet management processes, vehicle maintenance and repairprocesses, and certain security features. For example, the vehiclesensor data can be automatically collected and stored for analysis byexisting work-study software programs, which perform work time studieson the vehicles and their drivers, including tracking the speed traveledby a vehicle against the global position of the vehicle, time at eachstop, time between stops, distance traveled, number of stops pervehicle, and proximity to delivery point. Furthermore, the data can becompared with data ranges indicating normal operating conditions todetermine if the vehicle is in need of immediate repair or maintenance.In addition, the RFID tag and the external data acquisition device canbe used to automatically perform certain security functions, such asdetecting geo-fencing conditions and alerting the hub, nearest facility,or a local computer if the security of the vehicle is breached.

Exemplary System Architecture

As used herein, a computer, or other data acquisition device, may be adevice having at least a means for entering information such as akeyboard, touch screen, scanner, etc. and a means for displayinginformation such as a display, etc. The computer will also be capable ofreceiving and/or transmitting information. Such information may betransported over a network that may be wired, wireless, optical, orcombinations thereof. In one embodiment, the computer may contain aprocessor and a memory, although in other embodiments the processorand/or memory may reside elsewhere. The computer may be at a fixedlocation such as a desktop or portable, or it may be a hand-held devicesuch as, for example, a DIAD as is used by UPS.

Turning to FIG. 1 a, one embodiment of a computer is illustrated thatcan be used to practice aspects of the present invention. In FIG. 1a, aprocessor 1, such as a microprocessor, is used to execute softwareinstructions for carrying out the defined steps. The processor receivespower from a power supply 17 that also provides power to the othercomponents as necessary. The processor 1 communicates using a data bus 5that is typically 16 or 32 bits wide (e.g., in parallel). The data bus 5is used to convey data and program instructions, typically, between theprocessor and memory. In the present embodiment, memory can beconsidered primary memory 2 that is RAM or other forms which retain thecontents only during operation, or it may be non-volatile 3, such asROM, EPROM, EEPROM, FLASH, or other types of memory that retain thememory contents at all times. The memory could also be secondary memory4, such as disk storage, that stores large amounts of data. In someembodiments, the disk storage may communicate with the processor usingan I/O bus 6 instead or a dedicated bus (not shown). The secondarymemory 4 may be a floppy disk, hard disk, compact disk, DVD, or anyother type of mass storage type known to those skilled in the computerarts.

The processor 1 also communicates with various peripherals or externaldevices using an I/O bus 6. In the present embodiment, a peripheral I/Ocontroller 7 is used to provide standard interfaces, such as RS-232,RS422, DIN, USB, or other interfaces as appropriate to interface variousinput/output devices. Typical input/output devices include localprinters 18, a monitor 8, a keyboard 9, and a mouse 10 or other typicalpointing devices (e.g., rollerball, trackpad, joystick, etc.).

Typically the processor 1 communicates with external communicationnetworks using a communications I/O controller 11, and may use a varietyof interfaces such as data communication oriented protocols 12 such asX.25, ISDN, DSL, cable modems, etc. The communications controller 11 mayalso incorporate a modem (not shown) for interfacing and communicatingwith a standard telephone line 13. Finally, the communications I/Ocontroller may incorporate an Ethernet interface 14 for communicatingover a local area network (LAN). Any of these interfaces may be used toaccess the Internet, intranets, LANs, or other data communicationfacilities.

Finally, the processor 1 may communicate with a wireless interface 16that is operatively connected to an antenna 15 for communicatingwirelessly with other devices, using for example, one of the IEEE 802.11protocols, 802.15.4 protocol, or standard 3G wireless telecommunicationsprotocols, such as CDMA2000 1x EV-DO, GPRS, W-CDMA, or other protocol.

An alternative embodiment of a processing system than may be used isshown in FIG. 1 b. In this embodiment, a distributed communication andprocessing architecture is shown involving a server 20 communicatingwith either a local client computer 26 a or a remote client computer 26b. The server 20 typically comprises a processor 21 that communicateswith a database 22, which can be viewed as a form of secondary memory,as well as primary memory 24. The processor also communicates withexternal devices using an I/O controller 23 that typically interfaceswith a LAN 25. The LAN may provide local connectivity to a networkedprinter 28 and the local client computer 26 a. These may be located inthe same facility as the server 20, though not necessarily in the sameroom. Communication with remote devices typically is accomplished byrouting data from the LAN 25 over a communications facility to theInternet 27. A remote client computer 26 b may execute a web browser, sothat the remote client 26 b may interact with the server 20 as requiredby transmitting data through the Internet 27, over the LAN 25, and tothe server 20.

Those skilled in the art of data networking will realize that many otheralternatives and architectures are possible and can be used to practicethe principles of the present invention. The embodiments illustrated inFIGS. 1 a and 1 b can be modified in different ways and be within thescope of the present invention as claimed.

FIG. 2 shows various elements of a telematics data collection andevaluation system 100 in accordance with one embodiment of the presentinvention. As explained in greater detail below, the active RFID tag 120collects vehicle sensor data and transmits the data to an external dataacquisition device 130 via an RFID interrogator 200 in communicationwith the external data acquisition device 130.

In one embodiment, the active RFID tag 120 includes some or all of thefollowing components: one or more input interfaces 206 for receivingdata from vehicle sensors 220, a processor 201 for associating a timewith collected vehicle sensor data, a clock 203 that is initialized orsynchronized by receiving a radio frequency (RF) signal from an RFIDinterrogator, memory modules 303, and a power source 208. In addition todiscrete sensors 221 disposed within the vehicle, vehicle sensors 220may be associated with a global positioning system (GPS) sensor 202 andan electronic control module (ECM) 205.

One embodiment of the system utilizes an active RFID tag 120, such asthe Identec Solutions AG IQ8V tag. The IQ8V tag operates at 916Megahertz, is battery powered, and includes a clock for providing atime, a processor that is programmed to associate the time withcollected vehicle data, and 8 KB of memory for storing the data andassociated times.

In one embodiment, the external data acquisition device 130 includes anRFID interrogator 200 for receiving data from the RFID tag 120, a memoryfor storing the data received from the RFID tag 120, a processor foranalyzing the collected data against other data parameters stored withinthe memory, and a data radio for communicating over a wireless wide areanetwork (WWAN), wireless local area network (WLAN), a wireless personalarea network (WPAN), or any combination thereof.

In one embodiment, a data radio is one of several components availablein the external data acquisition device 130. The data radio isconfigured to communicate with a WWAN, WLAN, or WPAN, or any combinationthereof. In one embodiment, a WPAN data radio provides connectivitybetween the external data acquisition device 130 and peripheral devices,such as another external data acquisition device, a local computer, or acellular telephone, used in close proximity to the external dataacquisition device 130. In one embodiment of the invention, a WPAN, suchas, for example, a Bluetooth™ network (IEEE 802.15.1 standardcompatible) is used to transfer information between the external dataacquisition device 130 and a peripheral device. In other embodiments,WPANs compatible with the IEEE 802 family of standards are used. TheIEEE 802 family of standards are hereby incorporated by reference intheir entirety and made a part hereof. In one embodiment, the data radiois a Bluetooth™ serial port adapter that communicates wirelessly viaWPAN to a Bluetooth™ chipset located in a peripheral device 130. One ofordinary skill in the art will readily recognize that other wirelessprotocols exist and can be used with the present invention.

In one embodiment of the data collection and evaluation system 100, theexternal data acquisition device 130 is a portable data acquisitiondevice, such as, for example, the DIAD currently employed by UPS thatcollects, stores, and transmits package-tracking information. In oneembodiment, vehicle performance and tracking data is collected by theRFID tag 120 (called telematics data) and transmitted via an RFIDinterrogator 200 to the portable data acquisition device, where the datais stored until a communication link is established between the portabledata acquisition device and a local computer or a mainframe computersystem. In one embodiment, the portable data acquisition device displaystelematics data for the driver's viewing, which is helpful introubleshooting vehicle performance problems and showing delivery routeprogress and instructions. In an alternative embodiment, the portabledata acquisition device is a hand-held data acquisition device, like aniPAQ.

In one embodiment, the portable data acquisition device includes aBluetooth™ device for transmitting data and communicating via a WPAN toanother data acquisition device, such as a mainframe computer system.The portable data acquisition device, in one embodiment, may beprogrammed to transfer data or communicate with select data acquisitiondevices. One method of providing the portable data acquisition devicewith the ability to determine whether it has permission to communicatewith a particular data acquisition device is by identifying the dataacquisition devices by their media access control (MAC) addresses. TheMAC address is a code unique to each Bluetooth™-enabled device thatidentifies the device, similar to an Internet protocol addressidentifying a computer in communication with the Internet.

RFID Interrogator

The RFID interrogator 200 transmits an RF signal, which prompts an RFIDtag 120 within a pre-defined geographical range of the RFID interrogator200, or the read range, to collect and store data or upload data fromthe memory of the tag 120 to the memory of the interrogator 200 or adevice in communication with the interrogator 200. In one embodiment,the RFID interrogator 200 transmits an RF signal continuously and theRFID tag 120 receives the RF signal when the tag 120 is within the readrange of the interrogator 200.

In another embodiment, the RFID interrogator 200 transmits an RF signalin response to a signal triggering event. For example, in oneembodiment, a signal triggering event includes depressing a button thatinstructs the interrogator 200 to send an RF signal. In anotherembodiment, the RF signal could be transmitted “on-demand” if usedappropriately with motion sensors, or the like, for recognizing theproximity of vehicles. In yet another embodiment, the RFID interrogator200 can be programmed to send an RF signal at a particular timeinterval, such as every five seconds or five minutes. The time intervalscan be limited to collecting data at a particular time interval duringthe course of a route, during a day, or between stops.

According to one embodiment, the RF signal transmitted by theinterrogator 200 prompts the initialization of a clock 203 or othertiming device associated with the tag 120. In one embodiment, theinitialization resets the clock to 00:00. In another embodiment, theinitialization synchronizes the clock 203 with an external timingdevice, such as to the official time in the facility. The RF signal inanother embodiment prompts the collection of data sensors within thevehicle through the RFID tag's input interfaces 206. Additionally, inone embodiment, the RF signal prompts the RFID tag 120 to upload data tothe RFID interrogator 200 included within an external data acquisitiondevice 130.

Sensors and Data Collected

In one embodiment, the GPS sensor 202 is compatible with a low Earthorbit (LEO) satellite system or a Department of Defense (DOD) satellitesystem. The GPS sensor 202 is used to receive position, time, and speeddata. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that more thanone GPS sensor 202 may be utilized and other GPS functions may beutilized. The GPS sensor 202, in one embodiment, is disposed within avehicle and communicates global position data to the active RFID tag120. In another embodiment, the GPS sensor 202 is disposed within aportable data acquisition device 130 and communicates global positiondata to the memory of the portable data acquisition device 130.

In one embodiment, the ECM 205 decodes and stores analog and digitalinputs and ECM data streams from vehicle systems and sensors, collectsand presents the vehicle data to an input interface 206 of the RFID tag120, and outputs standard vehicle diagnostic codes when received from avehicle's on-board controllers or sensors. In one embodiment, the ECM205 communicates to the input interface 206 via J-Bus protocol. Vehicledata received from the ECM 205 can include oil pressure data,temperature data, pedal position, and mileage traveled per hour or pertrip. The diagnostic codes can communicate to the tag 120 whethertemperatures or fluid levels exceed or drop below a particular level,whether a vehicle system, such as the radiator or the engine, needsservicing, or whether a sensor within the vehicle has stopped working.

In one embodiment, on/off sensors, which register a voltage amount thatcorresponds with an on/off condition of the sensor, are disposed withinthe vehicle for collecting data. For example, door sensors that areconnected, for example, to the driver side, passenger side, and bulkheaddoors, register 0V when in an open position, and 12V when closed. Asanother example, an ignition sensor registers 0V when the vehicle is offand 12V when the vehicle is turned on.

In one embodiment, variable voltage sensors, which are used to registervariations in voltage, are disposed within a vehicle for collectingdata. For example, oil pressure sensors detect the oil pressure byregistering a particular voltage that corresponds to a particular oilpressure. The voltage of the sensor increases or decreasesproportionately with increases or decreases in oil pressure. Otherexamples of variable voltage sensors include temperature and speedsensors.

RFID interrogators 200 can be located at the gate of a facility,signaling to the RFID tag 120 as the vehicle enters or leaves thefacility. In addition, RFID interrogators 200 can be located in anexternal data acquisition device 130, interrogating the RFID tag 120when the vehicle is within the read range of the RFID interrogator 200in the external data acquisition device 130.

Exemplary System Operation

The operation of the data collection and evaluation system 100 isdescribed below in the context of a parcel delivery fleet. However, itshould be recognized that one of skill in the art would know how toadapt the system to another type of vehicle fleet, such as train,shipping, and trucking operations.

FIG. 3 illustrates a flowchart of the operation of the system 100according to one embodiment of the invention. In Step 505, an activeRFID tag 120 is provided within a vehicle 110. In Step 510, the RFID tag120 collects data from the ECM 205 and other vehicle sensors, including,but not limited to, door sensors, engine sensors, temperature sensors,pressure sensors, and a GPS sensor 202. The processor 201 in the RFIDtag 120 associates the data with a time-stamp, which is provided by theclock 203 in the RFID tag 120, and the time-stamped data is stored in amemory 303 in the RFID tag 120.

In one embodiment, the RFID tag 120 collects data in response to acollection triggering event. Examples of triggering events includereceiving an RF signal from an RFID interrogator 200, receiving avoltage signal from the ignition sensor that the ignition of the vehicle110 has been started, receiving sensor information that the vehicle 110has reached a predetermined speed, or receiving a manual trigger, suchas a signal sent after a button is depressed on the dashboard of thevehicle 110. Collection triggering events can also include timeintervals, such as instructions to collect data every five seconds orevery five minutes.

Any of the above examples of collection triggering events may becombined to prompt data collection by the RFID tag 120. For example, theRFID tag 120 may be programmed to collect data when the vehicle 110 isstarted and every five minutes thereafter until the end of the route. Asanother example, the data collection may be set to occur when the RFIDtag 120 receives a manual trigger or when the vehicle 110 reaches acertain speed and every two minutes thereafter until the vehicle 110 isturned off.

As mentioned above, according to one embodiment, the RFID tag 120 isprompted to collect data in response to receiving an RF signal from anRFID interrogator 200. Upon receipt of the signal from an RFIDinterrogator 200, the RFID tag 120 collects and time-stamps data fromthe vehicle sensors. In a further embodiment, if the RF signal is thefirst RF signal received after the engine has been started, the RFsignal also prompts the RFID tag 120 to reset the clock 203.

Data from various vehicle sensors 220 is collected via the inputinterfaces 206 of the RFID tag 120. For example, data collected mayinclude speed, vehicle location, vehicle inertial movement, vehicledoor's proximity to another object, mileage, ambient temperature,vehicle weight, data indicating whether a side or back door is in openor closed position, ignition on or off, diagnostic code, or vehicleidentity.

Referring back to FIG. 3, in Step 515, the stored time-stamped data istransmitted to an external data acquisition device 130 uponinterrogation of the RFID tag 120 by the RFID interrogator 200 locatedwithin the external data acquisition device 130. In one embodiment, theexternal data acquisition device 130 is a portable data acquisitiondevice, such as, for example, an iPAQ or a DIAD. The data transmitted tothe portable data acquisition device is later uploaded to a mainframecomputer system via a wireless network, an infrared signal, or a wiredconnection.

In one embodiment, upload triggering events prompt the transmission ofdata from the RFID tag 120 to the external data acquisition device 130.These upload triggering events can be any of the collection triggeringevents described above. For example, in a further embodiment, an RFIDinterrogator 200 is located at the gate of a facility and prompts theRFID tag 120 to upload data upon the vehicle's entry or exit from thefacility to a computer or other external data acquisition device locatedat the facility that is in communication with the RFID interrogator 200.This embodiment streamlines entry and data collection processes byautomatically associating the identity of the vehicle 110 transmitted bythe RFID tag 120 with the data uploaded from the RFID tag 120.

Other examples of upload triggering events include: a signal via atrigger signal connection from the external data acquisition device 130to the tag 120, the combination of a signal from the external dataacquisition device 130 and data from the ignition sensor indicating thatthe ignition of the vehicle 110 has been started, the combination of asignal from the external data acquisition device 130 and data indicatingthat the vehicle 110 has reached a pre-determined speed, and a signalfrom an RFID interrogator 200.

Finally, referring back to FIG. 3, the data can be used by an externaldata acquisition device 130 to automate certain fleet managementfunctions, as shown in Step 520, automate the identification andnotification processes of vehicle maintenance and repair needs, as shownin Step 525, and automate security functions, as shown in Step 530. Eachof these functions is discussed in more detail below.

The following sections provide examples of how the system 100 providesfor the more efficient management of fleet operations and vehiclemaintenance and repair needs and implementation of security features toprotect vehicles and vehicle operators.

Fleet Management and Work Studies of the Delivery Process

The data collected by the system 100 is used to perform work studies onfleet operation processes, such as the delivery process and the pickupprocess. By automatically collecting, time-stamping, and transmittingthe data to a mainframe computer system, work element measurementactivity is significantly reduced and possibly eliminated. Furthermore,the data collected can be used to track the delivery and pick-upprocesses and identify steps that can be performed more efficiently.Other functions include the ability to customize asset management,inventory tracking, and security applications with respect to theterritory being dispatched.

The GPS sensor 202 provides data indicating the current geographicalposition of the vehicle 110. This data is used, for example, to providereal-time vehicle tracking and real-time polling of the vehicle 110. Inaddition, having the current geographical position of the vehicle 110allows fleet operators to automate geo-fencing functions for the fleetand determine when and how often a vehicle 100 travels outside of thegeo-fenced area. “Geo-fencing” refers to setting geographical positionparameters that define a geographical area and tracking a vehicle todetermine if it travels in or out of the defined geographical area. Inone embodiment, the portable data acquisition device 130 communicates analarm or other signal when the vehicle 110 moves outside the definedgeographical area, as indicated by the data collected by the RFID tag120 and transmitted to the portable data acquisition device 130 via theRFID interrogator 200. In another embodiment, the portable dataacquisition device 130 communicates an alarm or other signal when thevehicle 110 moves inside the geographical area.

In one embodiment, an RFID interrogator 200 in communication with aportable data acquisition device 130 receives the data from the RFID tag120, and the processor of the portable data acquisition device 130compares upcoming delivery points with the current global positionindicated by the GPS data and communicates to the driver the vehicle'sproximity to upcoming stops. This reduces walk time associated with parkposition error and possibly eliminates mis-delivery claims andassociated driver follow-ups. Mis-delivery claims arise when parcels aredelivered to the wrong address. By comparing current vehicle positionwith the delivery data associated with the parcel, the portable dataacquisition device 130 detects potential mis-deliveries in real-time andnotifies the operator before the vehicle 110 leaves the deliverylocation.

In one embodiment, real time position, downloaded dispatch, and realtime travel conditions are analyzed to determine an estimated time ofarrival for delivery and pick-up services. The real time estimation canbe provided to customers or used to assist fleet managers in determiningwhether to dispatch additional vehicles to a particular area when delaysare expected. In one embodiment, the estimated time of arrival (ETA) iscommunicated to computers located at upcoming delivery points via awireless data network, the Internet, or other network to informcustomers of the ETA. In another embodiment, if a customer wants toreceive a particular parcel earlier than the ETA predicted for thecustomer's delivery location, the customer can identify another deliverylocation that has an earlier ETA and arrange to meet the vehicle at theother delivery location at the ETA to pick up the parcel early.

Fleet managers can also use collected GPS data to track when GPS signalsare lost and forecast when and where the GPS signal may be lost in thefuture. In one embodiment, the RFID tag 120 collects GPS sensor 202 dataand inertia sensor data. The data collected from the inertia sensor, incombination with a time-stamp, allows the external data acquisitiondevice 130 that receives the data from the RFID interrogator 200 toestimate the movement of the vehicle 110 while the GPS sensor 202 wasunable to receive a signal, which assists in automating the geo-fencingfunction, defining the areas in which GPS signals were lost, andcontinuing to provide the functions described above that use the globalpositioning data. In another embodiment, the external data acquisitiondevice 130 integrates the GPS and/or inertial sensor data with device(DIAD) based dead reckoning to automatically determine vehicle positionand delivery point position.

In addition, the RFID tag 120 can be used to locate a particular vehicle110 in a hub facility yard. In one embodiment, RFID interrogators 200are positioned at fixed locations within a hub facility yard. Aninterrogator 200 receives a signal from the RFID tag 120 when thevehicle 110 is within an interrogator's read zone. By identifying thelocation of the RFID interrogator 200 that captured the RFID tag 120 forthe vehicle 110, the vehicle's approximate position in the yard can bedetermined.

In one embodiment, the RFID tag 120 receives data from a proximitysensor positioned on the back of the vehicle. This sensor is used todetect the vehicle's proximity to another object. The RFID tag 120transmits the data indicating the proximity to an RFID interrogator 200in communication with a portable data acquisition device 130, and theportable data acquisition device 130 is configured to notify the driverwhen the vehicle is within a certain distance of another object. Thisprovides an added safety feature for the vehicle 110 and the objectbehind it and reduces the amount of time the driver spends estimatingthe vehicle's proximity to objects behind it.

In one embodiment, the RFID tag 120 communicates with a facility tonotify the facility of the vehicle's arrival or departure. An RFIDinterrogator 200 is positioned at the gate of the facility, and when thevehicle 110 passes by the interrogator 200, the RFID tag 120 sends asignal to the RFID interrogator 200 identifying the vehicle 110. In afurther embodiment, portions of the cargo within the vehicle 110 mayinclude RFID tags, and these tags also communicate their identity to theRFID interrogator 200, which allows the mainframe computer system at thefacility to associate the cargo with the vehicle 110 and furtherautomates the process of tracking cargo. In another embodiment, theportable data acquisition device 130 contains an RFID interrogator 200and receives signals from RFID tags located on cargo within the vehicle110. The portable data acquisition device 130 can communicate theidentity of the cargo located on the vehicle 110 to the facility'smainframe computer system via a wireless network while the vehicle istraveling along its route.

The RFID tag 120 can also be utilized to streamline the scale process,for example, by identifying the vehicle being weighed to an RFIDinterrogator 200 at the facility or the scale facility. Additionally,the RFID tag 120 can be used to streamline the trailer/dolly numberentry process, for example, by identifying the vehicle 110 entering orleaving a facility, and in one embodiment, uploading data stored in theRFID tag 120 to an RFID interrogator 200 in communication with a localor mainframe computer system upon entering or leaving a facility via aWLAN or a WPAN.

Knowing the location of a vehicle 110, such as by its global positionusing a GPS sensor 202 or by an RFID interrogator's position in a yardof a facility, and the cargo it contains allows fleet operators toforecast trailer on flatcar (TOFC) and container on flatcar (COFC)arrivals and departures and traffic density in facilities, rail yards,and ports. In addition, the facility or a customer can better estimatethe arrival time of a vehicle 110. Thus the facility can direct vehiclesto a certain area of the facility or have certain equipment ready tohandle the incoming vehicles. Facilities may include a parcel sortingfacility, a rail yard facility, or a seaport facility, for example.

According to one embodiment of the system 100, the portable dataacquisition device 130 communicates via a WPAN or a WLAN with localcomputers. This ability allows local computers located at delivery andpickup locations to notify the vehicle operator as to whether thevehicle 110 needs to stop, preventing unnecessary stops and ensuringthat stops are not accidentally skipped. In addition, in one embodiment,the portable data acquisition device includes delivery data for eachcustomer, and this customer-specific data can be transmitted to thelocal computer of a customer before the vehicle arrives at thecustomer's location, allowing the customer to prepare forcash-on-delivery (COD) payments or mobilize personnel or equipment tohandle the incoming delivery or pick-up load. In another embodiment, thehub facility can send messages for a particular operator to a computerlocated at a future delivery location, such as over the Internet orother network. When the particular operator arrives at the customer'slocation, the computer, which is in communication with a WPAN,communicates the message to the operator's portable data acquisitiondevice 130 via the WPAN. In one embodiment, the message is tagged toonly transmit to the particular MAC address identifying the operator'sportable data acquisition device 130.

Vehicle Maintenance and Repair

The data collected from vehicle sensors by the RFID tag 120 can also beused to automate the notification and diagnosis of vehicle maintenanceand repair needs. For example, in one embodiment, the data collected bythe RFID tag 120 is transmitted to an RFID interrogator 200 incommunication with an external data acquisition device 130, and the datais compared with a range of values stored in the external dataacquisition device 130. The range of values indicates normal vehicleoperating conditions. If the data value falls outside of the range, theexternal data acquisition device 130 sends an alert signal or a messageindicating the abnormal condition to the driver or maintenance andrepair personnel. The alert signal or message may include, for example,a fault code, diagnostic code, or maintenance schedule request. Inanother embodiment, the external data acquisition device is a portabledata acquisition device 130, and the portable data acquisition devicecan page a remote external data acquisition device upon detection of anabnormal condition.

In one embodiment, data indicating the tire pressure of each tire of avehicle can be analyzed over a particular time periods, such as, forexample, a week. A faster than normal decrease in the tire pressure ofone or more tires can alert maintenance personnel to a potential tireproblem. In another embodiment, the data can also be used to identifydriver errors that can cause harm to the vehicle. For example, the datacollected can include pedal position and revolutions per minute of theengine at a particular point in time. Maintenance personnel can use thedata to identify whether the operator has been starting the vehicle issecond gear, which can reduce the life of a clutch in the vehicle.

As discussed above, the portable data acquisition device 130 cancommunicate with hub facilities via a wireless wide area network. Thus,the portable data acquisition device 130 can receive instructions fromthe facility that assist the vehicle operator in making repairs whilethe vehicle is traveling on its route. In addition, the ability tocommunicate with the hub allows the portable data acquisition device 130to communicate vehicle data and problems in real time, which results inthe earlier detection of problems. This can prevent problems frombecoming more advanced and potentially causing further injury to thevehicle or the operator.

Automating Security Features

In addition to using the collected data to improve the efficiency ofvarious elements of the delivery process and detect vehicle maintenanceand repair needs, the RFID tag 120 can collect data that can be used toautomate the detection of certain security triggering events. The datais transmitted to an RFID interrogator 200 in communication with anexternal data acquisition device 130, and the data is compared tosecurity triggering event parameters by the external data acquisitiondevice 130. In response to the data matching the parameters, theexternal data acquisition device 130 may, for example, send a signal tothe facility indicating that a security triggering event has beendetected.

In one embodiment, a security triggering event is detected when the datacollected by the RFID tag 120 indicates that the vehicle 110 hastraveled outside of the geo-fencing parameters. A portable dataacquisition device 130 sends an alarm to the facility to provide thefacility with advance notice of potential misuse or theft of the vehicle110. Furthermore, the ability of the RFID tag 120 to collect data thattracks the location of the vehicle 110 using the GPS sensor 202, inertiasensor, or dead reckoning ability, and the tag's 120 ability to transmitthe data to an RFID interrogator 200 in communication with an externaldata acquisition device 130, which can transmit the data to a facilitymainframe computer system via a wireless network, allows the facility oremergency personnel to send assistance to the vehicle 110 if thesecurity of the vehicle 110 is breached or the vehicle 110 is stolen. Ina further embodiment, the portable data acquisition device 130 detects asecurity triggering event if the vehicle is outside of geo-fencingparameters for more than a particular time period, for example, fifteenminutes.

In another embodiment, the door data is compared with engine data andspeed data by a portable data acquisition device. If the door dataindicates a door is in an open position, the engine data indicates thatthe engine is running, and the speed data indicates that the vehicle isnot moving, a security triggering event is detected and an alarm signalis sent to the vehicle operator or to the facility, or both, from theportable data acquisition device 130.

In another embodiment, the RFID tag 120 identifies the vehicle uponarrival or departure to a facility's gate-mounted RFID interrogator 200.Having the ability to automatically identify vehicles approaching a gateallows for the automatic process of granting permission to enter or exita facility. In one embodiment, the gate of a facility is programmed toopen or close depending on receipt of permission to enter or exit.

Embodiments of the system described above provide an efficient datacollection system for fleet management personnel, which in turn providesa more efficient approach to performing work studies on fleet operationprocesses. Work element measurement activity is significantly reducedand possibly eliminated by automatically collecting and analyzing thecombination of known delivery point, synchronized “atomic” time, andautomotive engine data. The ability to display upcoming delivery pointproximity to current position reduces selection time associated withmemorizing the next five stops. The ability to display upcoming deliverypoint proximity to the current global position of the vehicle assiststhe driver with deciding where to park the vehicle. Mis-delivery claimsand associated driver follow-ups are also reduced and possiblyeliminated by having the ability to compare a delivery point's proximitywith the current global position of the vehicle. Dynamic dispatch of newtime-definite delivery and pickup services are enabled by analyzingcurrent global position and downloaded dispatch. Asset management,inventory tracking, and security applications can be customized withrespect to the territory being dispatched. A GPS and telematics-enabledDIAD makes it possible for one device to serve both feeder and packagenetworks, and it enables a “whole” network view that standardizesservice offerings. Vehicle based positioning integrated with device(DIAD) based dead reckoning allows for automatic determination ofvehicle position and delivery point position. Finally, because thiscomprehensive telematics system is adaptable in all vehicles within thefleet, it is more efficiently installed, maintained, and improved upon.

Many modifications and other embodiments of the invention will come tomind to one skilled in the art to which this invention pertains havingthe benefit of the teachings presented in the foregoing descriptions andthe associated drawings. Therefore, it is to be understood that theinvention is not to be limited to the specific embodiments disclosed andthat modifications and other embodiments are intended to be includedwithin the scope of the appended claims. Although specific terms areemployed herein, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense onlyand not for purposes of limitation.

1. A system for automating the collection of vehicle sensor data forfleet operations of a parcel delivery service, said system comprising:an active RFID tag comprising an input interface for collecting datafrom one or more sensors disposed within a vehicle, a processor forassociating a time-stamp with at least a portion of said data, and afirst memory for storing said time-stamped data, wherein said dataincludes a current global position of said vehicle; and a portable dataacquisition device accessible to a vehicle operator, said portable dataacquisition device comprising an RFID interrogator for receiving saiddata from said first memory, a second memory for storing said data, anda data acquisition processor, wherein said second memory is furtherconfigured for storing one or more pre-selected delivery positions andsaid data acquisition processor compares said current global position tosaid one or more pre-selected delivery positions.
 2. The system of claim1 wherein said portable data acquisition device is configured to alertsaid operator of a nearest of said delivery positions to said currentglobal position.
 3. The system of claim 1 wherein said portable dataacquisition device is configured to provide an estimated time of arrivalto each of said one or more pre-selected delivery positions to saidoperator.
 4. The system of claim 1 wherein said portable dataacquisition device further comprises a data radio for communicating dataover a wireless network, and wherein said portable data acquisitiondevice is configured to provide an estimated time of arrival to acomputer located at said one or more pre-selected delivery positions viasaid data radio.
 5. The system of claim 1, wherein said portable dataacquisition device is further configured to alert said operator if aparcel associated with a particular delivery position is delivered to anincorrect delivery position.
 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the datathe RFID tag is capable of collecting includes at least one of doordata, electronic control module trouble and diagnostic codes, enginedata, seat belt data, ignition data, mileage data, geographical positiondata, or combinations thereof.
 7. A system for automating the collectionof vehicle sensor data for fleet operations of a parcel deliveryservice, said system comprising: an active RFID tag comprising an inputinterface for collecting data from one or more sensors that are disposedwithin a vehicle, a processor for associating a time-stamp with at leasta portion of said data, and a first memory for storing said data; and aportable data acquisition device accessible to a vehicle operator, saidportable data acquisition device comprising an RFID interrogator forreceiving said data from said first memory, a second memory for storingsaid data, a data acquisition processor, and a data radio for wirelesslycommunicating with a facility, wherein said second memory storesthreshold data parameters representative of normal vehicle operationconditions, and said data acquisition processor is configured forcomparing said data collected by said RFID tag to said data parametersin said second memory and transmitting an alarm signal if said collecteddata is outside of said data parameters.
 8. The fleet management systemof claim 7 wherein said data acquisition processor is further configuredto compare said collected data to said data parameters in said secondmemory over a time interval.
 9. A fleet management system for automatingsecurity features of one or more vehicles in a fleet, said systemcomprising: an active RFID tag comprising an input interface forcollecting data from one or more sensors that are disposed within avehicle, a processor for associating a time-stamp with at least aportion of said data, and a first memory for storing said data, whereinsaid data includes a current global position of said vehicle; and aportable data acquisition device accessible to a vehicle operator, saidportable data acquisition device comprising an RFID interrogator forreceiving said data from said first memory, a second memory for storingsaid data, a data acquisition processor, and a data radio for wirelesslycommunicating with a facility, wherein said RFID interrogator receivesdata from said RFID tag when said RFID tag is within a certaingeographical range from said RFID interrogator, wherein, in response tosaid RFID interrogator moving outside of said certain geographical rangefor a particular time interval, said portable data acquisition device isconfigured to transmit a signal to said facility via said data radio.10. A fleet management system for automating security features of one ormore vehicles in a fleet, said system comprising: an active RFID tagcomprising an input interface for collecting data from one or moresensors that are disposed within a vehicle, a processor for associatinga time-stamp with at least a portion of said data, and a first memoryfor storing said data, wherein said data includes a current globalposition of said vehicle; and an external data acquisition devicecomprising an RFID interrogator, a second memory for storing said data,a data acquisition processor, and a data radio for communicatingwirelessly with a facility; wherein said external data acquisitiondevice is configured to detect data indicating a security triggeringevent, and in response to detecting said security triggering event, saidexternal data acquisition device is configured to transmit a signal tosaid facility via said data radio.
 11. The system of claim 10, whereinsaid external data acquisition device is a portable data acquisitiondevice and said portable data acquisition device is configured to pagesaid facility in response to detecting said security triggering event.12. A system for managing traffic and equipment within a fleet facilityhub, said system comprising: an active RFID tag comprising an inputinterface for collecting data from one or more sensors that are disposedwithin a vehicle, a processor for associating a time-stamp with at leasta portion of said data, and a first memory for storing said data; and anexternal data acquisition device comprising an RFID interrogator, asecond memory for storing said data, a data acquisition processor, and adata radio for communicating wirelessly with a facility, wherein saidRFID interrogator can receive data from said RFID tag when said RFIDinterrogator is within a particular geographical range of said RFID tag,wherein, in response to said RFID tag being within said particulargeographical range of said RFID interrogator, said RFID tag isconfigured to transmit said data to said external data acquisitiondevice.
 13. The system of claim 12 wherein said external dataacquisition device utilizes said data to allocate equipment at saidfacility.
 14. The system of claim 12 wherein said external dataacquisition device utilizes said data to determine where in saidfacility said vehicle should park.
 15. The system of claim 12 whereinsaid external data acquisition device utilizes said data to allow thevehicle to enter a facility or to exit a facility.
 16. The system ofclaim 12 wherein a facility includes a parcel sorting hub facility, arailhead facility, or a seaport facility.
 17. A system for detectingwhether a vehicle is unsecured, said system comprising: an active RFIDtag comprising an input interface for collecting data from a one or moresensors disposed within a vehicle, a processor for associating atime-stamp with the data, and a first memory for storing the data,wherein said data from a door sensor indicates whether a door isunlocked or locked, data from an engine sensor indicates whether theengine is running, and data from a speed sensor indicates whether thevehicle is in motion; and said portable data acquisition deviceincluding an RFID interrogator for receiving data from said RFID tag, asecond memory for storing said data, and a data acquisition processorfor analyzing said data, wherein, in response to said data indicatingthat said door is unlocked, said engine is running and said vehicle isnot in motion, said portable data acquisition device is configured fornotifying an operator of said vehicle.
 18. A system for automating thecollection of vehicle sensor data for fleet operations of a parceldelivery service, said system comprising: an active RFID tag comprisingan input interface for collecting data from one or more sensors that aredisposed within a vehicle, a processor for associating a time-stamp withat least a portion of said data, and a first memory for storing saiddata; and an external data acquisition device at a facility, saidexternal data acquisition device comprising an RFID interrogator forreceiving said data from said first memory and a second memory forstoring said data, wherein said data and an identity of said vehicle aretransmitted to said RFID interrogator upon said vehicle's entry into orexit from said facility.
 19. A method of collecting work study data forevaluating vehicle fleet operations, said method comprising the stepsof: providing an active RFID tag within one or more fleet vehicles, eachsaid RFID tags configured for receiving data from one or more vehiclesensors disposed in each of said one or more vehicles; collecting,time-stamping, and storing data received from said one or more vehiclesensors using said RFID tag; in response to a pre-determined event,transmitting said data from said RFID tag to an RFID interrogator, saidRFID interrogator in communication with an external data acquisitiondevice; and utilizing said data to perform work studies of vehicle anddriver performance.
 20. The method of claim 19 further comprising thestep of utilizing said data to identify and send notification of vehiclerepair and maintenance needs.
 21. A method of automating securityfunctions for one or more vehicles in a fleet, said method comprisingthe steps of: providing an RFID tag in one or more fleet vehicles, saidRFID tag configured for collecting data from one or more vehiclesensors; providing a portable data acquisition device that includes anRFID interrogator for receiving data from said RFID tag when saidportable data acquisition device is within a certain range of said RFIDtag; and sending a signal to a facility in response to said portabledata acquisition device being moved from within said certain range tooutside said certain range such that said RFID interrogator moves from apoint where it is in communication with said RFID tag to a second pointwhere said RFID interrogator is no longer in communication with saidRFID tag for a certain predetermine time interval.